Origins of the Continental Army
Learn about the origins of the Continental Army, and how Washington's forces came to be.
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Continental Army Privates
Learn about Continental Army privates during the American Revolution, including their backgrounds, ages, and appearance during the war.
How the Continental Army Moved
Learn how the Continental Army marched between battles and camp, and on expeditions, during the American Revolution.
Hospitals and Prison Ships in the Continental Army
Learn about conditions in hospitals and on prison ships for the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
Distractions & Passing the Time in the Continental Army
Learn how Continental Army soldiers passed the time when they were not fighting during the American Revolution.
Officers vs Privates in the Continental Army
Discover the differences between officers and privates in the Continental Army, including their daily duties, and how they interacted with one another.
Camp Duties in the Continental Army
Learn about Continental soldiers' duties at camp when they were not fighting during the American Revolution.
How the Continental Army Armed Itself
Discover how the Continental Army armed itself under Washington, including where it got its guns and gunpowder from.
Supplying the Continental Army
Learn how Continental Army supply lines worked during the American Revolution, and discover some of the logistics issues the forces faced.
How the Continental Army was Maintained
Learn about how the Continental Army was maintained by George Washington throughout the American Revolution.
Sensory Disorders (Sight, Sound, Taste, Touch) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how sensory disorders were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Intermittent Fevers and Agues | 18th Century Medicine
Read an 18th century doctor's advice about fevers and agues from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Fainting Fits, Suffocation, & Intoxication | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how fainting fits and suffocation were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
Saving Dying Patients | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the efforts doctors took to save dying patients in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
Cautions Concerning Cold Bathing & Drinking Mineral Water | 18th Century Medicine
Read doctors' advice against cold bathing and drinking mineral water in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written in 1785.
Appendix & Glossary | 18th Century Medicine
Read the appendix and glossary from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treating Broken Bones | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how broken bones were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treating Dislocations | 1700s Medicine
Learn about how dislocations were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Female Health | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how women's health was managed in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Childhood Diseases | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about common childhood diseases in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Venereal Disease | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how venereal disease was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Poisons | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how poison ingestation was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Surgery | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about surgery in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Cancer and Scirrhus Carcinoma | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how cancer was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Nervous Disorders | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how nervous disorders were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Constipation | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how constipation was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Apoplexy | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how apoplexy was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Asthma | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how asthma was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Scurvy | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how scurvy was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Gout | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how gout was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Dropsy (Edema) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how dropsy (edema) was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Jaundice | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how jaundice was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Worm Infections | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how worm infections were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Headaches | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how headaches were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treating Bleeding/Blood Discharges | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how bleeding was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Diabetes/Kidney Disorders | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how diabetes and kidney disorders were treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
Cholera Morbus (Vomiting, Diarrhoea) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how vomiting and diarrhoea was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Stomach Inflammation | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how stomach inflammation was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Colds and Coughs | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how colds and coughs were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Throat Inflammation | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how throat inflammation was treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Opthalmia (Eye Inflammation) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how opthalmia (eye inflammation) was treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Phrenitis (Brain Inflammation) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how phrenitis/brain inflammation was treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Erysipelas (St. Anthony’s Fire) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how erysipelas was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Measles | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how measles was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Smallpox | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how smallpox was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Remitting Fever | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how remitting fever was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Miliary Fever | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how miliary fever was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Spotted (Putrid) Fever | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how spotted/putrid fever was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Slow/Nervous Fever | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how nervous fever was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Consumptions (Wasting of the Body from Ulcers etc.) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how consumptions, ulcers and other related issues were treated in the 18th century.
Peripneumony (Lung Inflammation) | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how peripneumony (lung inflammation) was treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
Pleurisy | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how pleurisy was treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treating Acute Continual Fever | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how acute fevers were treated in the 18th century from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treating Fevers | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how fevers were treated in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Treatment of Diseases | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the 18th century treatment of diseases from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
The Common Evacuations | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the common bodily evacuations and associated health issues from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
Anger, Fear, Grief, Love | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the health issues 18th century doctors linked to emotions such as anger, fear, grief, and love.
Common Infections & Treatments | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about common 18th century infections and their treatments from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
The Importance of Cleanliness | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the importance of cleanliness according to 18th century doctors from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Intemperance | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the health issues 18th century doctors linked to "intemperance" from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. Buchanan in 1785.
The Importance of Proper Sleep and Clothing | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the importance of proper sleep and clothing according to 18th century doctors.
Health Issues Related to a Sedentary Lifestyle | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the health issues doctors linked to a sedentary lifestyle in the 18th century.
Air-Borne Diseases & Air Contamination | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about common air-borne diseases and respiratory issues seen in the 18th century, and how they were treated.
Food-Borne Diseases | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about common food-borne diseases in the 18th century, and how they were treated.
The Laborious, the Sedentary, and the Studious | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about the warnings given about "laborious, sedentary, and studious" lifestyles according to 18th century medicine.
Children’s Health | 18th Century Medicine
Learn about how doctors managed children's health in the 1700s from the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
Introduction | 18th Century Medicine
Read the introduction to the book "Domestic Medicine" written by Dr. William Buchanan in 1785.
1783 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read the final entry in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1782 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1782 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1780 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1780 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1781 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1781 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1779 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1779 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1777 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1777 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1775 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1775 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
1776 Entries | James Thatcher’s Military Journal
Read entries from 1776 in the journal of James Thatcher, Continental Army surgeon during the American Revolution.
Appendix | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Read these appendices to learn more about Benedict Arnold's Quebec expedition, including what happened to the mission's survivors in later life.
The Campaign Fails | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the end of Arnold's quest to take Quebec, including the one last failed attempt his men made to attack the city.
A Hopeless Siege | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn what happened after the failed siege of Quebec. An injured Arnold requests leave and faces insubordination from his troops.
Prisoners of War | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the conditions faced by American prisoners of war after being captured in Quebec. Discover how some POWs planned to escape the city.
The Americans Stand Their Ground | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Despite the loss of Montgomery, and the heavy losses faced, Arnold remained confident he could capture Quebec from the British.
The Death of Montgomery | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
The Americans stormed Quebec, but were met with strong resistance, and their attack failed, leaving Montgomery dead and Arnold wounded.
The Assault on Quebec | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn how Montgomery and Arnold began their assault on Quebec, in the middle of a harsh snowstorm.
The Assault Is Planned | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
After encircling the city, learn how Montgomery and his war council planned to storm Quebec, and the difficultites they faced in doing so.
The Investment | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about how Montgomery encircled Quebec with Arnold's troops, and begin laying siege to the city.
Montgomery Joins Arnold | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about Arnold's decision to withdraw to Pointe aux Trembles and wait for General Montgomery before trying to reattempting to capture Quebec.
Before Quebec | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about Arnold's initial attempts to capture Quebec from the British after crossing the St. Lawrence River.
Descending the Chaudière | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about Benedict Arnold's mission to travel the River Chaudière and gather food and other supplies for his men.
Arnold Saves the Remnant of His Army | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Arnold searches for food and other provisions down the Chaudière River for his starving army, encountering treacherous conditions along the way.
Across the “Terrible Carry” | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the difficulties Arnold and his men faced navigating through the "Terrible Carry" - their treacherous route towards Quebec.
Flood, Famine, Desertion | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the beginning of the more serious issues faced by Arnold's men, which led to some troops deserting the expedition.
The March into the Wilderness | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn how Arnold remainded optimistic despite the setbacks his men faced during the early stages of their expedition.
The Ascent of the Kennebec | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about some of the initial challenges faced by Continental soldiers on Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec.
The Expedition Sets Forth | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn how the expedition to Quebec started in late 1775, when approximately 1,200 men, mostly younger soldiers, set off for Canada.
Benedict Arnold | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about Benedict Arnold's childhood and military background, and what led him to lead the expedition to Quebec in 1775.
The Invasion of Canada is Planned | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the planning and thinking behind Benedict Arnold's ill-fated expedition to Quebec during the American Revolution.
Introduction | Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec
Learn about the historical context of Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec, and the purpose of the mission.
Why The British Army Lost the Revolutionary War
Learn some of the main reasons why the British Army lost the Revolutionary War to the Americans.
The British Army’s Transportation Problems
Learn about the transport and logistics problems faced by the British Army during the American Revolution.
The Provisioning & Supply Lines of the British Army
Learn about the supply lines and provisioning strategies used by the British Army to supply their regiments during the Revolutionary War.